{"id":10910,"date":"2020-04-27T19:27:57","date_gmt":"2020-04-27T19:27:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/?p=10910"},"modified":"2020-05-08T13:27:25","modified_gmt":"2020-05-08T13:27:25","slug":"transitional-governance-today-a-risk-and-opportunity-for-international-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gentest.cahss.ed.ac.uk\/dev-peacerep\/2020\/04\/27\/transitional-governance-today-a-risk-and-opportunity-for-international-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Transitional Governance Today: A Risk and Opportunity for International Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><strong>Dr Emmanuel De Groof is a scholar in the fields of international law, diplomacy, and development cooperation. His forthcoming book, \u2018State Renaissance for Peace\u2019, is a treatise on Transitional Governance under International Law. In this post he introduces his new PA-X report, <a href=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/publications-database\/features-of-transitional-governance-today\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Features of Transitional Governance Today<\/a>.<\/strong><\/i><\/p>\n<h4>I. A formidable expectation: peace and stability<\/h4>\n<p>Constitution-making, and external assistance to it, are phenomena known since quite some time. In 1758, international lawyer and diplomat Emmer de Vattel accepted that outside states may sometimes act as mediators of constitutional affairs.<\/p>\n<p>Today, as shown in this <a href=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Interim-Transitions-Report-DIGITAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotlight report<\/a> (\u2018the report\u2019) the societal and diplomatic function of (external assistance to) constitution-making against the background of regime transitions has considerably evolved. Since 1989, regime transitions have become increasingly disassociated from decolonization, secession or dissolution processes. They have become <strong>processes to bring peace and stability<\/strong> \u2013 no less \u2013 through a wholesale constitutional and institutional transformation.<\/p>\n<p>More recently, two additional trends can be spotted through the political and diplomatic saga, and sometimes the activity of the UN Security Council and regional organisations, surrounding the unraveling of the Arab Spring, the war in Ukraine, political and social crises in various countries around the globe for example in Algeria, Nepal, (South) Sudan, and Venezuela (with many more examples in the <a href=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Interim-Transitions-Report-DIGITAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report<\/a>):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>External actors<\/strong> \u2013 both states and various organizations \u2013 <strong>actively engage with (intended) transitions<\/strong> <strong>abroad<\/strong> in today\u2019s era of \u2018constitutional geopolitics\u2019.<\/li>\n<li>Constitutionmaking unfolds against the background of a <strong>larger transition<\/strong>, i.e. transitional governance by interim governments or transitional authorities (TA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Transitional governance (TG) then broadly concerns the interim rule during the entire period, a matter of months and often years, of a state\u2019s constitution and apparatus being overhauled, especially in the context of an armed conflict, or a threat to international peace and security.<\/p>\n<h4>II. Contemporary characteristics of transitional governance<\/h4>\n<p>By unveiling the current factual features of TG, the <a href=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Interim-Transitions-Report-DIGITAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report<\/a> lays the groundwork for an analysis of how international law \u2013 as it currently stands and as it may develop \u2013 applies to TG. The <a href=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Interim-Transitions-Report-DIGITAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report<\/a> suggests that five features of TG can increasingly be observed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Legal internationalisation.<\/em> Increasingly, transition instruments provide that public authority during the transitional period must be guided by international legal norms.<\/li>\n<li><em>Time-limited.<\/em> The transitional period is limited in time, and TG, even if programmed to last for a long period, is specified not to be prolonged artificially.<\/li>\n<li><em>Functionally limited.<\/em> TA must concentrate on administering the country on a provisional basis, including by restoring security, and by preparing for the future without foreshadowing their own transition to power.<\/li>\n<li><em>Inclusive.<\/em> Over the last decades, \u2018inclusivity\u2019 and \u2018domestic ownership\u2019 have been systematically promoted in relation to TG. This is palpable especially in relation to women\u2019s groups (as the report <a href=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/publications-database\/women-and-the-renegotiation-of-transitional-governance-arrangements\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Women and the Renegotiation of Transitional Governance Arrangements<\/a> shows).<\/li>\n<li><em>Transitional Justice.<\/em> State practice amply confirms the conviction that transitional justice is part and parcel of TG, as<a href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/publications\/catalogue\/moving-beyond-transitions-to-transformation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> another report<\/a> also suggests. In the vast majority of cases, TA are required to address the past in one way or another, and to ensure that this exercise is \u2018owned\u2019 by the population of the state in transition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10911\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10911\" style=\"width: 698px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10911\" src=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Picture-1.png\" alt=\"The five features of transitional governance\" width=\"698\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gentest.cahss.ed.ac.uk\/dev-peacerep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Picture-1.png 750w, https:\/\/gentest.cahss.ed.ac.uk\/dev-peacerep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Picture-1-300x245.png 300w, https:\/\/gentest.cahss.ed.ac.uk\/dev-peacerep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Picture-1-480x392.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10911\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: E. De Groof, M. Wiebusch (eds.), International Law and Transitional Governance, Routledge 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>III. The role and risks of socialisation<\/h4>\n<p>Why have these five features become common currency? The five-fold dominant discourse and practice is arguably the result of acculturation within a small epistemic community. The community of practitioners engaged in post-war countries and constitution-making is constantly growing. Yet, the epistemic community dealing with these issues is rather modest in size. This creates a habitat favourable to emulation. Also in the future, the five features just mentioned are likely to be further socialised by practitioners including constitutional experts, diplomats and mediators.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, the contemporary approach to TG has not been fruitful, quite on the contrary, as Bell has argued <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/global-constitutionalism\/article\/introduction-bargaining-on-constitutions-political-settlements-and-constitutional-statebuilding\/1682990662D677E38312B964871D981E\/core-reader\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">elsewhere<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2018A quarter of a century of investment in transitions has seen a specific new international and regional architecture built to address transitions, new international norms promulgated, and expensive development and governance interventions embarked on. It is now apparent that these efforts have failed to lead to democracy and peace taking hold worldwide, for several different reasons\u2019.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Should we therefore <strong>reassess the practices and discourses undergirding TG<\/strong>? Whatever the case may be, let us finish here with a word of caution. The conviction that widely accepted practices would be deprived of any legal impact on the sole ground that they might not be \u2013 morally or politically \u2013 commendable, is a bit of a short-cut.<\/p>\n<p>One cannot, for example, simply ignore recurrent commitments to \u2018inclusion\u2019 or \u2018ownership\u2019, which sometimes seem to have adverse effects or to unduly prolong the transition, merely because such practice ought to be subjected to a deeper, and certainly welcome, policy critique. In sum, we should be wary of the jurisgenerative connection between socialised deontology, constitutional or supraconstitutional texts, and international law.<\/p>\n<h4>IV. The need for further debate<\/h4>\n<p>While international law without doubt constitutes a usefool tool for debating the geopolitical and state-to-state implications of TG today, the law itself is not hermetically shielded from repeated practices and beliefs, which may positively or negatively affect its tenets and development. Here lies both an opportunity and a risk. And this is precisely why <strong>reconciling action with reflection<\/strong> is so elementary in diplomatic practice and deontology.<\/p>\n<p>Observing the contemporary features of TG form the necessary basis for further critical reflection. As a simple perusal of facts and practices, the <a href=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Interim-Transitions-Report-DIGITAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report<\/a> lays the groundwork for critical analysis on TG in two books, which you are warmly invited to look into:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/state-renaissance-for-peace\/A0458B097A662016D057DFE99A65C1FC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State Renaissance for Peace \u2013 Transitional Governance under International Law<\/a> (Cambridge University Press, 2020)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/International-Law-and-Transitional-Governance-Critical-Perspectives-1st\/De-Groof-Wiebusch\/p\/book\/9780367178109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Law and Transitional Governance \u2013 Critical Perspectives<\/a> (Routledge, 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ultimately, both books intend to frame and hopefully elevate discussions on regime transitions. Their aim is indeed to provide<strong> legal parameters<\/strong> allowing for an <strong>informed legal debate<\/strong> on a topic which is <strong>simply too important<\/strong> to be left unaddressed.<\/p>\n<p>As a state\u2019s own renaissance affects the <strong>political fate and social well-being<\/strong> of its citizens. Millions of people are concerned worldwide. The topic of TG is thus no <i>fait divers<\/i>, and deserves to be critically approached by a growing number of scholars and practitioners.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Read the report in full: <a href=\"https:\/\/peacerep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Interim-Transitions-Report-DIGITAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Features of Transitional Governance Today<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><i>Disclaimer: This blog represent the author\u2019s views and not necessarily those of the institution(s) he is called on to represent.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Image: Jacob Jordaens, Ferry to Antwerp. Courtesy of SMK, National Gallery of Denmark; Photo credit: Jakob Skou-Hansen via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jacob_Jordaens_-_The_Tribute_Money._Peter_Finding_the_Silver_Coin_in_the_Mouth_of_the_Fish._Also_called_%22The_Ferry_Bo..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wikimedia<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr Emmanuel de Groof outlines five current features of transitional governance, as outlined in a new PA-X report.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":166,"featured_media":10948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[233,229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-pa-x"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Transitional Governance Today: A Risk and Opportunity for International Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dr Emmanuel de Groof&#039;s new PA-X report outlines five current features of transitional governance and lays the groundwork for an analysis of how international law applies to transitional governance.\" \/>\n<meta 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